The Garden at Night in Autumn

 

We spend a great deal of time thinking about how a garden looks in daylight. We consider which plants will flower together, where a tree should stand, how a path should curve and what might be seen from the kitchen window. Yet every evening the sun goes down and a different garden quietly takes its place.

In autumn, that transformation is especially noticeable. Darkness arrives earlier, the air grows cooler, and leaves stir overhead. Familiar paths disappear into shadow, while pale flowers and silvery foliage seem almost to glow. The garden becomes less a collection of individual plants and more a world of shapes, sounds, fragrances and silhouettes.

The autumn garden at night is not merely the daytime garden with the lights turned off. It has a character of its own.

When Darkness Comes Earlier

One advantage of autumn is that we needn't wait until bedtime to enjoy the garden after dark. During midsummer, twilight can linger well into the evening. By autumn, darkness begins arriving while there is still plenty of evening left.

Instead of regarding this as a loss, make use of it. An after-dinner walk through the garden takes only a few minutes. Carry a lantern if necessary. Sit on the porch after sunset, take coffee or tea outdoors, or spend an hour beside a fire pit or outdoor hearth.

You may discover that the garden you know intimately by day feels surprisingly unfamiliar after dark. That is part of its charm.

Let Your Eyes Adjust

Our first instinct upon stepping into darkness is often to turn on as many lights as possible. Resist it. Give your eyes a few minutes to adjust, and gradually details begin to emerge. Tree trunks appear, the line of a hedge becomes visible, and paths distinguish themselves from planting beds. The sky provides more illumination than you might have expected.

Moonlight changes everything. Under a bright moon, pale stone paths and walls can become remarkably luminous. White and cream flowers emerge from the shadows, ornamental grasses catch the light, and dew on leaves and spiderwebs glitters.

Even without moonlight, the garden is rarely completely dark. Light from the house, neighboring properties and the night sky often provides enough illumination to reveal forms without destroying the mystery. Not every corner needs to be seen.

Autumn by Sound

At night we begin to hear what daylight encourages us to overlook. Leaves rustle across a path, wind moves through grasses and treetops, and acorns drop unexpectedly from an oak. Crickets and other insects continue their evening chorus until colder weather finally quiets them. An owl may call from somewhere beyond the garden.

There may also be the faint movement of an animal in the shrubbery — something that sounds suspiciously large until daylight suggests the culprit was a squirrel, rabbit or armadillo conducting unauthorized nighttime landscaping.

Water is especially effective after dark. A small fountain that seems merely decorative during the day can become an important part of the nighttime garden because its sound carries through the still air. At night, we listen to the garden as much as look at it.

Fragrance After Sunset

Fragrance becomes more noticeable when the air is cool and still, and some flowers release their scent most strongly toward evening. Depending upon climate and season, late-blooming plants and aromatic foliage can continue contributing fragrance well into autumn.

Herbs are particularly useful near paths and seating areas. Rosemary, thyme, lavender and other aromatic plants release their fragrance when brushed. Fallen leaves contribute their own unmistakable scent, as does damp earth after rain.

These are not fragrances that can easily be bottled or reproduced. They belong to the season and the place.

Light the Garden — But Don't Flood It

Good garden lighting should reveal the night rather than abolish it. A few carefully positioned lights are usually more effective than a yard illuminated like a parking lot.

Begin with necessity. Steps, changes in elevation and frequently used paths should be safely visible. Entrances and outdoor seating areas need enough light to be practical. After that, think selectively: illuminate the trunk and lower branches of an attractive tree, wash a stone wall gently with light, or place a lantern near a bench.

Low lighting can emphasize paths without competing with the night sky. Warm light generally suits an autumn garden especially well, complementing brick, stone, wood, autumn foliage and the glow from windows.

And leave some darkness. Shadow is not a failure of garden lighting; it is part of the design.

Lanterns, Candles and Firelight

Electric landscape lighting is useful, but movable light has a different charm. A lantern placed on a table immediately creates a destination, while several lanterns can mark a terrace or garden path. Candles protected inside proper outdoor lanterns provide gentle illumination for dining and conversation.

Then there is firelight. A fire pit or outdoor hearth throws moving light across plants and nearby trees. Unlike electric lighting, it is constantly changing. Shadows lengthen and retreat, smoke catches the light, and faces appear warmly illuminated while the surrounding garden remains dark.

There is something ancient about it. Human beings have sat beside fires in the darkness for longer than there have been gardens in any formal sense. Perhaps that is why fire seems so naturally at home in an autumn landscape.

Plants That Shine After Dark

Some plants earn a second life when evening arrives. White and cream-colored flowers are obvious choices because they remain visible after darker colors disappear. Pale hydrangea blossoms, late white flowers, silvery leaves and variegated foliage can all catch available light.

But flowers are only part of the story. Ornamental grasses are magnificent at night because their seed heads move and catch light. Smooth pale bark can become a focal point, evergreens provide strong silhouettes, and trees with open branching patterns make striking forms against a moonlit sky.

Autumn also brings seed heads, dried flower clusters and fading foliage that we are sometimes too eager to cut down. Leave some standing. What looks untidy at noon may look quite beautiful beneath the moon.

Look Up

Gardening encourages us to look downward. At night, look up.

The garden can provide a frame for the sky. Bare or thinning branches reveal stars that were hidden during summer. A tall evergreen becomes a black silhouette, clouds move behind treetops, and the moon seen through branches can transform an otherwise ordinary corner of the garden.

For this reason, excessive outdoor lighting can rob us of one of the nighttime garden's greatest pleasures. Use enough illumination for safety and enjoyment, but whenever practical, preserve places where the sky remains dark.

Sometimes the best garden feature is several million miles away.

The View From Indoors

A nighttime garden should also be considered from inside the house. After dark, windows become frames.

Look from the rooms you use most often. Is there an attractive tree that could be softly illuminated? A fountain, garden wall or specimen shrub? One or two carefully chosen focal points can make the garden part of the interior experience throughout autumn and winter.

This is especially valuable as the days shorten and more of our time at home occurs after sunset. Instead of looking through the glass into blackness, you can look into a garden that still has depth and structure.

A Simple Autumn Night Garden Checklist

• Walk through the garden after dark and identify steps, uneven surfaces and other areas that need safety lighting.
• Replace harsh or excessively bright outdoor bulbs with appropriately placed warmer lighting where practical.
• Direct landscape lights toward a few attractive trees, walls or architectural features instead of illuminating everything.
• Clear fallen leaves from steps and frequently used nighttime paths.
• Place lanterns near outdoor seating areas before darkness falls.
• Move a comfortable chair or bench where you can see both the garden and the night sky.
• Leave attractive grasses, seed heads and dried flower clusters standing where they provide autumn and winter structure.
• Position pale containers or light-colored plants where moonlight or gentle landscape lighting can reach them.
• Turn off unnecessary outdoor lights occasionally and allow your eyes to adjust to natural darkness.
• Take a slow walk through the garden after supper and notice what you can hear, smell and see.

Another Garden Awaits

Perhaps the greatest pleasure of the nighttime garden is that it asks very little of us. We cannot weed very effectively in the dark, pruning is inadvisable, and nobody sensible decides at nine o'clock at night to divide the daylilies.

For once, the gardener is simply allowed to inhabit the garden.

Autumn makes the invitation particularly appealing. The night air is cool, leaves whisper overhead, a lantern burns beside the path, and light from the house falls across the porch. Somewhere beyond the trees, the moon rises.

The garden that demanded our labor all day asks nothing of us now. Go outside anyway, stand quietly for a moment and let your eyes adjust.

There is another garden waiting in the dark.

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Morning Coffee in the Autumn Garden

 

There is a particular pleasure in carrying the first cup of coffee outdoors on an autumn morning.

Summer mornings have their charms, but they often come with a sense of urgency. The day is warming quickly. Work needs doing before the heat arrives. The sun is already announcing its intentions.

Autumn is different.

The air is cool. The garden may still be wet with dew. Sunlight comes at a lower angle, catching the tops of grasses and illuminating the edges of leaves. Perhaps there is a little mist lying beyond the garden. The coffee is hot, the chair is cool, and for a few minutes there is no compelling reason to be anywhere else.

This is one of the simplest ways to enjoy an autumn garden — and one of the best.

A Garden Is Meant to Be Lived In

We gardeners can become terribly industrious.

There are bulbs to plant, leaves to rake, perennials to divide, beds to tidy and containers to prepare. Autumn, in particular, encourages lists. Before long we can spend so much time working in the garden that we forget to sit down and enjoy it.

Morning coffee provides an excellent corrective.

Choose a place to sit and make it part of your daily routine. It need not be an elaborate terrace. A bench beneath a tree, a chair on the porch, a small bistro table beside the kitchen door or an old wooden chair at the end of a garden path may serve perfectly well.

Indeed, a slightly secluded place is often better than a grand one.

The important thing is to stop.

The Autumn Garden in Morning Light

Autumn reveals details that summer sometimes conceals.

When flowers are abundant, our attention naturally goes to them. As the season advances, other things begin to matter: the shape of a tree, the arch of a branch, seed heads left standing among the perennials, berries ripening on shrubs and the movement of ornamental grasses in the breeze.

Morning light makes these details particularly beautiful.

Dew collects on spiderwebs and grass blades. Fallen leaves deepen in color when wet. Pale seed heads glow when struck by low sunlight. Even an ordinary wooden fence can become handsome when long shadows fall across it.

This is also an excellent hour for noticing what is happening in the garden.

Birds are busy. Squirrels are making plans of dubious legality. Bees may begin visiting late flowers as the air warms. Migrating birds sometimes appear unexpectedly, stay briefly and are gone.

The garden is awake even if the gardener is not quite there yet.

That, presumably, is what the coffee is for.

Make a Place for the Morning

If you regularly enjoy coffee outdoors, it is worth creating a small place specifically for it.

Begin with a comfortable chair. Add a small table large enough for a mug and perhaps a book, newspaper or pair of binoculars. If the seat is exposed to dew, choose furniture that can tolerate moisture or keep a cushion just inside the door.

Consider the morning sun when choosing the location.

A place that receives early sunlight can be delightful as temperatures fall. A corner that was too sunny in July may be precisely where you want to sit in October and November.

Shelter matters, too. A porch, garden wall, hedge or group of evergreen shrubs can provide protection from cool breezes and make an outdoor sitting area comfortable surprisingly late in the season.

Keep a warm throw nearby. Sometimes that is all that separates "too cold to sit outside" from a very pleasant half hour.

Surround Yourself With Autumn

A morning sitting place can be made more seasonal without turning it into a harvest display.

A few well-chosen containers are enough.

Pansies and violas provide color through cool weather. Chrysanthemums offer the traditional autumn palette. Ornamental grasses bring movement and texture. Heucheras contribute handsome foliage, while small evergreens give permanence as other plants begin to fade.

Natural materials belong easily in such a setting. Terracotta pots, aged stone, weathered wood, iron and woven baskets generally improve with a little wear and seem particularly appropriate in autumn.

Pumpkins and gourds can certainly be used, but restraint has its virtues. Autumn already knows how to decorate itself.

A branch of colored leaves in an old earthenware pot may say more about the season than a wagonload of decorations.

Bring Out the Proper Cup

There is something to be said for using a real cup outdoors.

A travel mug is wonderfully practical when driving down the highway at seventy miles an hour. Sitting quietly beneath a maple tree is another matter.

A substantial pottery mug feels right on a cool morning. So does an old china cup and saucer if your garden seating is near the house. A small tray can carry coffee, cream, a spoon and perhaps a piece of toast or warm bread outside in one trip.

These are little things, but rituals are largely composed of little things.

The pleasure lies partly in refusing to hurry.

Listen to the Garden

Try occasionally leaving the telephone indoors.

Without its persistent company, other sounds become apparent: birds calling from the hedge, dry leaves moving across the path, acorns striking the ground, a distant dog, church bells perhaps, or merely the breeze moving through the trees.

Autumn has a quieter voice than summer.

This can also be a good time for reading. Poetry, devotional reading, a gardening book or a few pages of a favorite old author fit easily into an autumn morning. But there is no requirement to accomplish anything.

One may simply drink coffee.

That is occupation enough.

Notice What Needs Doing — But Don't Do It Yet

Sitting in the garden has a practical advantage as well.

From a chair, you see things differently.

Perhaps a shrub is obscuring a view. A container would look better moved several feet to the left. A bare place needs an evergreen. A path seems to lead nowhere. A tree has grown enough to change the character of a border.

Make a mental note, or write it down.

Then remain seated.

There will be time enough for the pruning shears.

When the Morning Turns Cold

Do not surrender the habit at the first frost.

As autumn advances, simply adapt. Wear a sweater or jacket. Bring out a blanket. Move the chair into the sun. Choose a sheltered corner.

A porch can be especially useful because it provides protection from dew and light rain while preserving the feeling of being outdoors.

On genuinely cold mornings, even ten minutes outside can be worthwhile.

There is something deeply satisfying about holding a hot cup between your hands while seeing your breath in the cold air.

The garden is moving toward its winter rest, but it has not ceased to be a garden.

A Simple Morning Coffee Corner

• Choose a seat that receives pleasant morning sun during autumn.
• Place a small weather-resistant table beside it for your coffee, book or binoculars.
• Keep a cushion and warm throw just inside the nearest door so they stay dry.
• Add one or two containers of cool-season flowers or attractive foliage nearby.
• Position a lantern beside the seating area for mornings that begin before sunrise.
• Keep the immediate path clear of wet leaves and other slipping hazards.
• Place the chair where you can see both the garden and visiting birds.
• Carry coffee outside on a small tray to avoid repeated trips indoors.
• Leave your telephone inside occasionally and give the garden your attention instead.
• Stay seated for ten minutes before deciding what garden work needs to be done.

One of Autumn's Small Luxuries

We often imagine luxury as something expensive or difficult to obtain.

Yet some of life's finest luxuries are remarkably modest: a comfortable chair, a quiet garden, cool air and a cup of hot coffee.

Autumn makes us conscious of time. The leaves that were green only weeks ago begin to turn. Flowers fade. Daylight shortens. Migrating birds come and go. Every morning is slightly different from the one before.

Perhaps that is why sitting quietly in an autumn garden can feel so satisfying. We are not merely looking at the season. For a little while, we are participating in it.

Tomorrow morning, before beginning the day's work, pour the coffee and take it outside.

Sit down.

Watch the light move through the garden.

The leaves can wait.

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An Autumn Garden Fire: The Pleasures of the Fire Pit and Outdoor Hearth

 

There is something wonderfully elemental about a fire in the garden.

On a cool autumn evening, when daylight fades earlier and the first chill begins to settle over the lawn, a fire draws people toward it almost instinctively. Chairs are pulled closer. Conversation slows. Someone adds another log. The garden, which in summer belonged to sunlight and flowers, takes on an entirely different character.

A fire pit or outdoor hearth can extend the pleasures of the garden well beyond the warm months. More than a source of heat, it becomes a gathering place — a reason to linger outdoors when otherwise we might retreat inside and shut the door on the season.

The Garden After Summer

Autumn should not mean abandoning the garden.

Indeed, some of the loveliest evenings of the year arrive after summer has gone. The mosquitoes are fewer, the air is clearer, and oppressive heat gives way to weather that invites a sweater or light jacket. Leaves begin to turn, ornamental grasses catch the low afternoon sun, and fallen leaves rustle underfoot.

The garden becomes quieter.

A fire suits this season particularly well. Its warmth allows a terrace, patio, courtyard or secluded corner of the garden to remain useful long after sunset. Even a modest fire pit can turn an otherwise neglected autumn evening into an occasion.

There is no need for anything elaborate. A few comfortable chairs, a small table for drinks, warm throws and a good fire may be all that is required.

Fire Pit or Outdoor Hearth?

Both have their virtues.

A fire pit creates a circle. People naturally arrange themselves around it, making it particularly well suited to conversation and informal gatherings. It can be built permanently of stone or brick, or it can be a freestanding metal vessel that is moved when necessary.

An outdoor hearth or fireplace creates something more architectural. It establishes a focal point and can make a terrace or covered outdoor area feel like a genuine room without walls. A substantial masonry fireplace has permanence about it and can look as though it has belonged to an old garden for generations.

The choice depends largely upon the setting.

A rustic garden may call for fieldstone. Brick is particularly handsome beside a traditional house. Terracotta, aged iron and dark steel work well in less formal settings. In a small courtyard, even a compact fire bowl can provide much of the atmosphere of a larger hearth without overwhelming the space.

Whatever form it takes, the fire should look at home in its surroundings rather than like something temporarily deposited in the middle of the garden.

Creating an Outdoor Room

A fire becomes far more inviting when the surrounding area is treated as an outdoor room.

Begin with comfortable seating arranged so that everyone can enjoy both the warmth and one another's company. Adirondack chairs are classics for informal settings, while teak, wrought iron or wicker-style furniture can create a more furnished appearance.

Small tables are useful for coffee, cider, wine or a plate of something warm from the kitchen. Outdoor cushions soften hard chairs, and wool or weather-resistant throws kept nearby are especially welcome as the evening grows colder.

Containers planted with autumn flowers and foliage can help define the space. Chrysanthemums are traditional, but ornamental grasses, asters, sedges, pansies and evergreen foliage often provide a more natural transition into the surrounding garden.

Lanterns can mark paths and steps, while restrained landscape lighting allows the garden beyond the fire to remain visible.

Avoid making everything too bright. Half the pleasure of an autumn fire is the darkness around it.

The Pleasure of a Wood Fire

There are easier ways to produce heat, certainly.

Gas fire pits ignite at the turn of a knob, produce little mess and are convenient where wood burning is impractical. For many patios they are an excellent solution.

But a real wood fire possesses qualities that cannot quite be duplicated.

There is the smell of wood smoke, the crackle of burning logs and the changing pattern of flame. There is the small ceremony of building the fire and tending it. Even the occasional need to move one's chair because the smoke has decided to follow it seems part of the bargain.

Well-seasoned hardwood generally makes the most satisfactory fire. Oak and hickory burn steadily and produce lasting coals. Avoid burning painted, pressure-treated or chemically treated lumber, which can release harmful fumes.

Keep firewood dry and reasonably close at hand — though never stacked against the fire itself.

And there is an old rule worth remembering: smoke has an uncanny ability to locate the person wearing the nicest clothes.

Supper by the Fire

An autumn garden fire lends itself naturally to simple food.

This need not become an elaborate outdoor cooking operation. A pot of soup or chili brought from the kitchen, crusty bread, roasted sausages, baked potatoes or toasted sandwiches can make an excellent cool-weather supper.

Then there are the traditional pleasures of cooking directly over the fire.

Children hardly require instruction in the merits of toasted marshmallows. Apples can be baked in foil among the coals. Chestnuts can be roasted with proper equipment. Hot cider, coffee, tea or cocoa taste particularly good when held between cold hands beside a fire.

For adults inclined toward quieter pleasures, the end of supper may require nothing more complicated than a comfortable chair and a favorite evening drink.

Outdoor dining need not disappear with summer. It simply changes character.

Let the Garden Participate

The fire should not completely dominate the scene.

One of the delights of sitting outdoors in autumn is noticing what happens to familiar plants after dark. Ornamental grasses become silhouettes against the firelight. Tree trunks acquire depth and texture. Pale flowers seem almost luminous. Leaves move overhead where they cannot quite be seen.

Fragrant plants near the seating area can add another dimension. Rosemary, thyme and other aromatic herbs release their fragrance when brushed. Evergreen foliage provides structure as deciduous plants begin their retreat toward winter.

Autumn containers can also be arranged nearby, though they should always be kept safely away from sparks and excessive heat.

Think beyond the immediate circle of chairs. A glimpse of a lantern farther down a path, a light beneath an old tree or the outline of a garden gate can make the surrounding darkness feel mysterious rather than empty.

A Few Sensible Precautions

Romance should not overrule common sense where fire is concerned.

Place fire pits on appropriate noncombustible surfaces and well away from buildings, fences, overhanging branches and anything else that might ignite. Follow the manufacturer's clearance requirements for manufactured fire pits and fireplaces.

Keep a garden hose, fire extinguisher or suitable supply of water nearby. A spark screen can be useful with wood-burning pits, particularly when leaves are dry.

Never leave a fire unattended, and make certain it is completely extinguished before going indoors.

Local regulations may restrict outdoor burning, especially during droughts or periods of high fire danger, so check applicable rules and temporary burn restrictions before lighting a wood fire.

Children and pets require particular attention. The fire itself is obvious; dangerously hot metal, stone and embers may be less so.

A Simple Autumn Fire-Side Setup

• Clear leaves and combustible debris from the fire area before lighting the fire.
• Position chairs far enough from the flames for comfort and safety, then place small tables within easy reach.
• Stack only enough seasoned firewood nearby for the evening and keep the main woodpile safely away from the fire.
• Put a fire extinguisher, hose or bucket of water where it can be reached immediately.
• Add one warm throw for each chair before guests arrive.
• Place lanterns along steps and paths so people can move safely after dark.
• Prepare drinks and simple food beforehand so the evening is not spent making repeated trips to the kitchen.
• Keep serving pieces, napkins and utensils together on one outdoor table.
• Use a spark screen when appropriate and watch changing wind conditions throughout the evening.
• Extinguish the fire completely at the end of the night and check the ashes and surrounding area before going indoors.

The Oldest Gathering Place

Gardens are sometimes treated almost as pictures — something to arrange carefully and admire through a window.

But gardens were made to be inhabited.

The autumn fire reminds us of that. For thousands of years people have gathered around flames for warmth, food, conversation and companionship. A modern fire pit may be made of handsome steel and surrounded by comfortable garden furniture, but the attraction is very old indeed.

Perhaps that is why an outdoor fire feels so satisfying when autumn comes.

As the year turns toward winter, the garden loses some of its color and exuberance. Yet it gains another kind of beauty: bare branches against the evening sky, cold air, the smell of fallen leaves and the glow of firelight on familiar faces.

So do not close the garden simply because summer has ended.

Bring out the chairs. Find the blankets. Stack a little seasoned wood. Light the lanterns.

Then strike the match and let autumn provide the rest.

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The Autumn Porch: Making an Outdoor Room for Cooler Weather

 

 There is something particularly agreeable about a porch in autumn.

Summer encourages us to escape the house, but autumn invites us simply to extend it. The porch becomes less a passage between indoors and out and more a room of its own—a place for morning coffee, an afternoon book, supper at dusk, or conversation after the garden has disappeared into shadow.

The trick is not to decorate a porch for autumn so much as to make it comfortable in autumn. Pumpkins and chrysanthemums have their place, certainly, but comfort, warmth, useful furnishings, good light, and a few well-chosen natural materials will carry the season much farther.

Begin by Thinking of the Porch as a Room

A comfortable porch should have much the same sense of order as an indoor sitting room.

Begin with the furniture. Rather than scattering chairs around the edges, arrange them for conversation. Two comfortable chairs with a small table between them may be all that is necessary. On a larger porch, a settee or bench can anchor the arrangement, with additional chairs drawn around it.

An outdoor rug can help define the sitting area and soften a hard floor of brick, stone, concrete, or wood. Add a table large enough to hold drinks, books, a lantern, or perhaps a bowl filled with seasonal fruit.

The result should look as though someone actually intends to sit there.

That is an important distinction. A porch can be beautifully decorated and still be remarkably inhospitable.

Add Warmth Without Bringing the Whole House Outdoors

As evenings become cooler, textiles make an enormous difference.

Keep a few throws or small blankets handy. Wool is traditional and wonderfully warm, while washable cotton throws are especially practical in the South, where autumn afternoons may still be warm even when evenings become surprisingly cool.

Outdoor cushions in autumnal colors can change the character of existing furniture without requiring an elaborate seasonal transformation. Rust, tobacco brown, ochre, deep red, cream, olive, and muted plaid all sit comfortably against the colors of an autumn garden.

A basket is useful for keeping throws together and contributes texture of its own.

The aim is not to make the porch look like a furniture showroom. A little informality is part of its charm.

Bring the Autumn Garden onto the Porch

Containers are perhaps the easiest way to connect a porch with the surrounding garden.

Chrysanthemums are obvious choices, but they are hardly the only ones. Ornamental grasses, asters, pansies, violas, ornamental peppers, herbs, ferns, sedges, and foliage plants can all contribute to an autumn arrangement.

Consider foliage as carefully as flowers. Autumn is, after all, the great season of leaves.

Evergreen branches, magnolia foliage, dried hydrangea blossoms, ornamental grass plumes, seed heads, pinecones, and interesting bare branches can be remarkably handsome in substantial pots, baskets, or vases.

Use what the garden gives you.

Choose Containers with Character

Autumn is particularly kind to materials that show a little age.

Terracotta pots, glazed pottery, stoneware, wooden planters, galvanized containers, woven baskets, and traditional ceramic pieces have a warmth that suits the season.

This is also an excellent time to use colorful pottery. A brightly painted planter can provide a welcome note of color as summer flowers disappear. Blue-and-white ceramics offer a cooler, more formal effect, while richly patterned Mexican pottery can bring warmth and exuberance to a sheltered porch.

Rather than lining up a dozen small pots, group containers in several sizes. Three substantial pots generally make a stronger statement than a clutter of little ones.

Pumpkins: A Little Restraint Goes a Long Way

No law requires an autumn porch to resemble a pumpkin wholesaler's loading dock.

A few well-chosen pumpkins and gourds are usually more effective than dozens. Mix shapes and colors: traditional orange pumpkins alongside white, buff, green, or deeply ribbed varieties.

Place them naturally—beside a planter, near the steps, or grouped in a basket.

Hay bales can certainly be used, but unless the porch is part of an actual farm, they are best approached with some caution. Autumn does not require the front entrance to become a petting zoo.

Make Light Part of the Arrangement

The shortening day is one of autumn's pleasures, provided there is good light waiting when darkness comes.

Porch lighting should be warm and gentle rather than glaring.

Lanterns are especially appropriate. Place substantial lanterns near steps, beside seating areas, or on tables. Battery-operated candles can provide the appearance of candlelight without the inconvenience or fire risk of an unattended flame.

String lights can work beautifully when they are restrained and carefully placed. Rather than outlining every architectural feature, consider running them discreetly beneath a porch roof or through a nearby pergola.

Table lamps designed for outdoor use are another possibility. Nothing makes an outdoor space feel more like a genuine room than a lamp glowing beside a chair.

Prepare for Supper Outdoors

Early autumn can provide some of the finest weather of the year for eating outside.

If the porch is large enough, consider establishing a permanent or semi-permanent dining area rather than hauling furniture outdoors every time the weather turns pleasant.

A simple table dressed with pottery, linen or cotton napkins, a pitcher of flowers or greenery, and lantern light needs very little embellishment.

Autumn meals themselves tend to suit outdoor dining: roasted vegetables, soups, stews, breads, apples, pears, nuts, cheeses, and something warm to drink afterward.

As the evening cools, people linger around the table rather than retreating from the heat. That may be autumn's greatest contribution to alfresco dining.

Don't Forget the Morning Porch

We often imagine autumn outdoor living in the evening, but mornings can be better still.

Place a chair where the early sun reaches it. Add a small table for coffee or tea and keep a throw nearby.

A porch that catches the morning sun can remain comfortable surprisingly late into the year.

This is one reason not to fill every available space with decorations. Leave room for living.

Consider a Little Protection from the Weather

A covered porch already provides considerable shelter, but a few small additions can extend its usefulness.

Outdoor curtains or shades can reduce wind. A screen helps with insects during warm spells. On larger porches, a properly rated outdoor heater can make chilly evenings more comfortable.

Any electrical appliance, heater, lamp, or extension cord used outdoors should be specifically rated for outdoor use and positioned according to the manufacturer's safety instructions.

There is no sense creating a cozy autumn atmosphere by setting fire to it.

Let Nature Supply the Decorations

Some of the finest autumn decorations cost nothing.

Clip branches bearing colorful leaves. Gather pinecones. Display interesting seed pods. Cut ornamental grass plumes. Fill a bowl with apples or pears. Arrange small gourds in an old basket.

A wreath made from grapevine, magnolia leaves, dried flowers, herbs, or evergreen foliage can remain attractive well beyond Halloween.

Natural materials also age gracefully. A faded leaf looks appropriate in October. A faded plastic decoration merely looks faded.

Make the Porch Personal

The most inviting porches reveal something about the people who live there.

Add an old garden stool, an interesting piece of pottery, a favorite lantern, a stack of gardening books, an antique watering can, or a basket used for gathering flowers and herbs.

These objects give a porch the comfortable appearance of having evolved over time rather than having been assembled in an afternoon.

That is often the difference between decorating and furnishing.

A Practical Autumn Porch Checklist

Before declaring the porch ready for cooler weather:

• Sweep the floor, steps, corners, and ceiling before arranging furniture.
• Wash outdoor furniture and tighten any loose screws or fittings.
• Arrange chairs so people can comfortably face one another.
• Place a table within easy reach of every principal seat.
• Add an outdoor rug to define the sitting area where appropriate.
• Put washable cushions on chairs that need additional comfort.
• Fold two or three throws into a basket near the seating area.
• Replace tired summer containers with autumn flowers, foliage, grasses, or evergreens.
• Group pots in several heights rather than lining them evenly along the porch.
• Add a few pumpkins, gourds, branches, pinecones, or other natural seasonal materials.
• Clean porch light fixtures and replace burned-out bulbs.
• Add lanterns or outdoor-rated lamps where additional evening light is needed.
• Check steps and walkways after dark and illuminate any hazardous areas.
• Establish a small dining or drinks area if space permits.
• Position a comfortable chair to take advantage of morning or afternoon sun.
• Store extra cushions and textiles where they can be brought inside during severe weather.
• Check outdoor electrical cords, heaters, and lighting for proper outdoor ratings before use.
• Remove unnecessary decorations until there is still plenty of room to sit, walk, eat, and enjoy the porch.

A Room Between Two Seasons

The autumn porch occupies a pleasant territory between house and garden.

Behind us is the warmth of the house. Before us is a garden gradually settling toward winter. Between the two stands the porch, where we can enjoy the changing season without surrendering entirely to either indoors or out.

It need not be elaborate.

A comfortable chair, a warm throw, several handsome pots, a lantern glowing at dusk, and perhaps a cup of something hot may be enough.

After all, the finest outdoor rooms are not the ones most lavishly decorated.

They are the ones where nobody is in much of a hurry to go back inside.

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Autumn Garden Lighting: Lanterns, Candles and the Beauty of an Evening Outdoors

 

Autumn changes the garden twice.

The first transformation is obvious. Leaves turn, grasses take on shades of gold and bronze, berries ripen, and the brilliant greens of summer soften into the colors of the season.

The second transformation happens every evening.

Darkness comes earlier.

By October, the garden that remained comfortably illuminated well into a summer evening may disappear into shadow before supper is finished. That needn't mean abandoning the garden until spring. With thoughtful lighting, autumn can offer some of the most beautiful evenings of the year outdoors.

The secret is not to illuminate everything.

It is to illuminate just enough.

Let the Garden Be Dark

Modern outdoor lighting sometimes seems determined to abolish nighttime altogether.

A garden flooded from every direction with brilliant white light may be easy to see, but something important has been lost. Trees become flat scenery. Stars disappear. Candles become pointless. The mysterious depths of the garden vanish.

A garden at night ought to look like a garden at night.

Good garden lighting reveals selected things while allowing others to recede into darkness. A beautiful tree, an old wall, a doorway, a fountain, or a group of ornamental grasses may deserve illumination. Everything between them does not.

Think in terms of pools of light rather than a blanket of brightness.

The darkness between those pools gives the garden depth.

Begin Where People Gather

If you use a terrace, porch, courtyard, or other outdoor sitting area during autumn, begin there.

The purpose of lighting is first practical. People need to see one another, find their glasses, serve food, and move about safely.

But practical needn't mean glaring.

Lanterns placed on a table, wall, or nearby ledge can provide soft illumination. A hanging lantern over a covered porch can define the space without overpowering it. A few candles on a dining table create a remarkably intimate atmosphere.

The light should make people want to remain outdoors.

If everyone feels as though he is sitting beneath an interrogation lamp, something has gone wrong.

The Enduring Appeal of Lanterns

Lanterns seem particularly at home in an autumn garden.

Perhaps it is because they suggest an older way of living outdoors. Before electric landscape lighting, carrying a lantern into the garden was simply what one did after dark.

Today's garden lantern may hold a candle, an LED candle, or an electric light, but the principle remains much the same: the light is contained, warm, and localized.

A large lantern beside a doorway creates a welcoming entrance. Several lanterns of different heights can mark the edge of a terrace. Smaller lanterns can be carried to a table or placed along a garden walk when guests are expected.

They are also attractive during daylight, which cannot be said of every piece of outdoor lighting equipment.

Metal lanterns develop character with age. Wood, glass, aged brass, iron, and other traditional materials generally settle into a garden more gracefully than conspicuous plastic fixtures.

Candlelight in the Garden

Electric lighting may be convenient, but candlelight possesses a quality electricity has spent more than a century trying to imitate.

Its slight movement matters.

A candle flame responds to the air. It flickers when someone passes, brightens and dims with a breeze, and casts changing shadows across faces, plants, pottery, and table linens.

For outdoor use, protect candles from wind with glass hurricanes or lanterns. Substantial candleholders are preferable to delicate ones that can easily overturn.

Flameless candles have their place too, particularly where an open flame would be unsafe. The better examples can provide a surprisingly pleasant glow when tucked inside a lantern.

Use real flames sensibly. Keep them away from dry leaves, grasses, table decorations, overhanging branches, and anything else likely to turn a charming autumn supper into an unexpectedly memorable one.

Light the Path, Not the County

Paths and steps deserve illumination for safety, but more is not necessarily better.

Low lights placed at intervals can show where a path leads without making it resemble an airport runway.

Steps require particular attention. Changes in elevation should be visible, especially when entertaining guests unfamiliar with the garden.

Where possible, hide the source of the light and illuminate the walking surface instead. Downward-facing fixtures are particularly useful because they put light where it is needed while reducing glare.

The eye adjusts remarkably well to low light when it isn't constantly assaulted by bright fixtures.

Choose Warm Light

Color temperature makes an enormous difference outdoors.

Cool, bluish-white illumination can make an autumn garden appear harsh and strangely lifeless. Warm light complements brick, wood, stone, autumn foliage, terracotta, pottery, and human faces.

For electric outdoor lighting, look for bulbs and fixtures producing a warm color—generally around 2200K to 3000K.

The lower end resembles candlelight and old incandescent lamps. Around 2700K provides the familiar warm-white appearance many people prefer for traditional interiors and outdoor living spaces.

Save brilliant daylight-colored bulbs for places where tasks truly require them.

The garden is not an operating room.

Illuminate Something Worth Seeing

One of the pleasures of garden lighting is deciding what should emerge from the darkness.

An old tree can become magnificent when softly illuminated from below. The peeling bark of a crape myrtle, the muscular trunk of a live oak, or the branching structure of a Japanese maple may be more noticeable at night than during the day.

Ornamental grasses are especially effective when backlit. Their seed heads catch the light and move in the slightest breeze.

Stone walls reveal texture. Water reflects moving light. A handsome planter or urn can become a focal point. An arbor or garden gate can mark the transition from one space to another.

Don't illuminate every specimen.

Choose a few.

The eye needs somewhere to rest.

Don't Forget the View from Indoors

Garden lighting isn't only for people sitting outside.

As autumn progresses, more evenings will inevitably be spent indoors. Thoughtful lighting can make the garden part of the house even then.

Stand inside after dark and look through the windows.

What do you see?

If the answer is your own reflection surrounded by black glass, consider placing a few gentle points of light beyond the window. A softly illuminated tree, fountain, garden ornament, or group of plants can extend the apparent depth of the room.

The garden remains present even when the doors are closed.

This can be particularly effective from a dining room, kitchen, sunroom, or favorite reading chair.

Solar Lights: Useful, but Choose Carefully

Solar garden lights are wonderfully convenient. No trenching, wiring, or extension cords are required, and they can be moved as the garden changes.

Quality varies enormously, however.

Some provide a pleasant, subdued glow. Others emit the peculiar blue-white light of a miniature convenience-store parking lot.

Choose warm-colored solar lights when possible, and remember that autumn brings shorter days and a lower sun angle. A location that charged a solar fixture beautifully in June may receive insufficient sunlight in October.

Keep solar panels clean and free of fallen leaves.

Consider the Creatures That Share the Garden

There is another reason not to over-light the garden.

Night belongs to wildlife too.

Artificial light can affect insects, migrating birds, bats, and other nocturnal creatures. The problem is especially pronounced with unnecessarily bright lights, blue-rich illumination, and fixtures that shine upward or outward rather than directing light where people actually need it.

Use the lowest level of illumination that accomplishes the purpose. Direct fixtures downward. Turn decorative lighting off when no one is using the garden.

A timer makes this easy.

There is little reason for an empty garden to blaze away at three o'clock in the morning.

Autumn Makes Light More Beautiful

There is something about autumn that makes artificial light particularly inviting.

Perhaps it is the contrast.

The air is cooler. Darkness comes sooner. Leaves rustle across the path. The garden begins its gradual retreat toward winter.

Against that darkness, a lantern beside the door seems warmer. A candle on the table seems brighter. Light spilling from the windows of the house feels more welcoming.

This is the season when a basket of blankets beside the porch door begins to make sense. When supper outdoors ends with coffee rather than iced tea. When conversation continues after everyone has noticed the temperature dropping but no one quite wants to go inside.

Good lighting helps make those evenings possible.

 A Simple Autumn Garden Lighting Checklist

Before settling in for an autumn evening outdoors, take a few minutes to walk through the garden as dusk falls.

• Start with safety. Illuminate steps, changes in elevation, entrances, and frequently used paths.
• Light gathering places. Provide gentle illumination around dining tables, seating areas, porches, and terraces.
• Choose warm light. For electric fixtures, aim for roughly 2200K–3000K rather than harsh blue-white light.
• Add lanterns. Place them beside doors, on tables, along terraces, or at important points in the garden.
• Protect candle flames. Use lanterns or glass hurricanes, and keep flames well away from dry leaves, grasses, branches, and fabrics.
• Highlight only a few features. Choose a handsome tree, urn, wall, fountain, gate, or ornamental grass rather than lighting everything.
• Keep fixtures discreet. Whenever possible, see the effect of the light rather than the bulb itself.
• Check the view from indoors. A softly illuminated tree or garden feature can make the garden enjoyable even after you come inside.
• Clean solar panels. Remove fallen leaves and make sure autumn's lower sun still reaches them sufficiently.
• Provide blankets nearby. A basket of throws can keep guests outdoors comfortably as temperatures fall.
• Turn unnecessary lights off. Timers make it easy to preserve darkness later at night for wildlife—and for the neighbors.
• Finally, stand back and look. If the garden seems too bright, it probably is. Turn something off.

The goal is not to conquer the darkness, but to make the garden comfortable, safe, and inviting within it.

Light Less, Enjoy More

The finest autumn garden lighting isn't really about fixtures.

It is about atmosphere.

Light the steps so no one falls. Light the table so everyone can see. Illuminate the old tree because it is beautiful. Put a lantern by the gate because it welcomes people home.

Then stop.

Allow darkness to remain beneath the shrubs. Let the far end of the garden disappear. Leave enough night overhead to see the moon and, if fortune and modern development permit, a few stars.

We spend much of our lives trying to make night as bright as day.

The autumn garden offers a better idea.

Light a candle. Carry out a lantern. Sit beneath the trees for another half hour.

And let evening be evening.

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Pinguicula: The Beautiful Little Carnivorous Plant That Eats Fungus Gnats

Some houseplants are grown for their flowers. Others are prized for unusual foliage. And then there is Pinguicula—a charming little plant that manages to be both beautiful and quietly murderous.

Commonly known as the butterwort, Pinguicula belongs to a fascinating group of carnivorous plants that obtain some of their nutrients by trapping and digesting tiny insects. Unlike the dramatic jaws of the Venus flytrap or the strange pitchers of Nepenthes and Sarracenia, the butterwort goes about its business with remarkable discretion.

At first glance, many Pinguicula look more like small succulents than carnivorous plants. Their leaves form neat rosettes, often in fresh shades of green and sometimes tinged with pink or purple. Above the foliage rise delicate flowers that may be violet, pink, white or other colors, depending upon the species and variety.

But those innocent-looking leaves conceal the trap.

Living Flypaper

The upper surfaces of Pinguicula leaves are covered with tiny glands that produce a sticky substance. Small insects landing on the leaves become trapped. The plant then releases digestive enzymes and absorbs nutrients from its prey.

This method has earned butterworts the rather apt description of "living flypaper."

For indoor gardeners, that becomes especially interesting because one of the insects Pinguicula can capture is the troublesome fungus gnat.

Fungus gnats are familiar nuisances wherever moist potting soil and houseplants are found. The tiny adults seem to materialize from nowhere, hovering around pots, windows and one's face at precisely the wrong moment.

A strategically placed butterwort can catch a surprising number of the adults.

It should not be regarded as a complete cure for a serious fungus-gnat infestation—the larvae live in the growing medium and proper watering and sanitation still matter—but Pinguicula can form a useful part of the gardener's defenses. Unlike a yellow sticky card, it also happens to be a handsome plant.

Why Are Butterworts Becoming So Popular?

Carnivorous plants have enjoyed renewed attention among younger plant collectors and houseplant enthusiasts, and Pinguicula are particularly well suited to the moment.

They combine several characteristics gardeners find irresistible: compact size, unusual behavior, attractive foliage and surprisingly pretty flowers.

They are also wonderfully conversational plants.

A visitor may admire the little rosette on a windowsill without realizing that the plant has been busily catching insects all week. Point out the remains of a few fungus gnats on the leaves and the butterwort suddenly becomes considerably more interesting.

Recent gardening coverage has also drawn attention to Pinguicula as a natural means of catching fungus gnats. That practical benefit has introduced butterworts to people who might never otherwise have considered growing a carnivorous plant.

 Not All Pinguicula Are Alike

The genus Pinguicula contains many species distributed through parts of North America, Central America, South America, Europe and Asia.

Some are temperate plants adapted to pronounced seasonal changes. Others, particularly the popular Mexican species and hybrids, are commonly grown as unusual houseplants.

Mexican Pinguicula are especially appealing because many produce tidy rosettes resembling succulents. Some change their growth habits with the seasons, producing different types of leaves during wetter and drier portions of their natural cycle.

This means that care should be matched to the particular species or hybrid rather than assuming that every butterwort wants exactly the same conditions.

Growing Pinguicula at Home

Most commonly cultivated butterworts appreciate plenty of bright light. A bright windowsill can work well, although the requirements of individual species vary.

Water quality deserves particular attention. Carnivorous plants generally evolved in environments where nutrients in the soil or water are scarce. Mineral-rich tap water can therefore cause problems for some types. Rainwater, distilled water or appropriately purified water is often the safer choice.

Ordinary rich houseplant potting soil should also be avoided unless the particular Pinguicula being grown is known to tolerate it. Carnivorous plants generally require specialized, nutrient-poor growing media.

And resist the natural gardener's impulse to be generous with fertilizer. Butterworts have spent a very long time developing another way of getting dinner.

Should You Feed a Butterwort?

Usually, there is no need to spend one's evenings catching gnats for it.

A Pinguicula grown where tiny insects are present is perfectly capable of hunting for itself. That is, after all, the attraction.

The leaves may eventually become dotted with captured insects. This isn't a defect or a sign that the plant needs cleaning. It means the trap is working.

A Carnivorous Plant for People Who Don't Think They Like Carnivorous Plants

Perhaps the greatest appeal of Pinguicula is that it doesn't look particularly sinister.

Venus flytraps possess jaws. Pitcher plants have deep traps into which insects disappear. Butterworts simply sit there looking rather pretty.

Their carnivorous nature reveals itself only upon closer inspection.

That combination of beauty, botanical curiosity and usefulness makes Pinguicula particularly appealing for a sunny windowsill, plant room or collection of unusual houseplants. For gardeners battling the occasional fungus gnat, the attraction becomes greater still.

You could hang another yellow sticky trap.

Or you could grow a plant that does much the same job while producing flowers.

We know which one we'd rather have on the windowsill.

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Talavera Pottery: Centuries of Color for the Home and Garden

 

Few kinds of pottery seem quite as happy in a garden as Talavera.

Its cobalt blues, warm yellows, greens, oranges, and intricate painted patterns look perfectly at home among geraniums, herbs, citrus trees, succulents, and flowering annuals. Bring the same pottery to the table and it can transform an ordinary luncheon into something that feels as though it ought to last all afternoon.

Yet Talavera is much more than colorful garden pottery. Behind those exuberant patterns lies a ceramic tradition stretching back centuries and across continents.

What Is Talavera Pottery?

At its heart, Talavera is a form of tin-glazed earthenware—a ceramic tradition related to what Europeans generally call maiolica or faience.

The pottery is formed from clay, dried and fired, then covered with an opaque glaze that traditionally provides the characteristic pale or creamy-white background. Designs are painted onto the glazed surface with mineral pigments before the pottery undergoes another firing.

The result is the familiar glossy surface with colorful decoration seemingly floating upon it.

Traditional production is remarkably labor intensive. Preparing clay, forming pieces on a wheel or in molds, making pigments and glazes, painting the decoration, and controlling the kiln all require considerable skill. UNESCO notes that although modern equipment such as electric potter's wheels has entered some workshops, the essential artisanal processes of forming, glazing, decorating, and firing remain rooted in techniques practiced in the sixteenth century.

That slight irregularity you may notice on a handmade piece isn't necessarily a defect. Brushwork varies. Shapes may not be mechanically perfect. The hand of the craftsman remains visible.

That is part of the point.

Where Does Talavera Come From?

The story begins on both sides of the Atlantic.

Talavera takes its name from Talavera de la Reina in Spain, an important Spanish center for colorful tin-glazed pottery. Spanish ceramic traditions themselves developed amid a much older Mediterranean exchange of techniques and decorative ideas.

After the Spanish establishment of New Spain, European pottery technology encountered the already sophisticated ceramic traditions of indigenous Mexico. Puebla became the foremost Mexican center for producing tin-glazed earthenware. Mexican cultural authorities document established production of the characteristic "white ware" in Puebla by the second half of the sixteenth century.

What developed was not simply Spanish pottery manufactured overseas. Mexican Talavera acquired an identity of its own, reflecting European, indigenous, and other artistic influences.

Puebla became particularly famous for it.

Traditional Mexican Talavera is associated especially with Puebla and neighboring Tlaxcala. The craft survives in Puebla, Atlixco, Cholula and Tecali in Puebla state and San Pablo del Monte in Tlaxcala.

The tradition remains sufficiently important that in 2019 UNESCO inscribed the artisanal processes of Talavera pottery making in Puebla and Tlaxcala, together with the related Spanish traditions of Talavera de la Reina and El Puente del Arzobispo, on its Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

The Colors of Talavera

Perhaps the most immediately recognizable Talavera is blue and white.

Deep cobalt decoration against a creamy white ground can look surprisingly formal and restrained. It also reveals Talavera's place within a much larger history of blue-and-white ceramics that traveled across continents through international trade.

But Talavera certainly isn't limited to blue.

Traditional Mexican pieces may incorporate blue along with yellow, green, black, orange, and mauve or purple tones.

Contemporary Talavera-style pottery can be more colorful still.

That exuberant color is one reason the pottery works so well outdoors. Where plain terra cotta quietly recedes into a garden, Talavera announces itself.

Sometimes that is precisely what is wanted.

Popular Talavera Motifs

Talavera decoration ranges from remarkably restrained to gloriously busy.

Floral and botanical designs are among the most natural and popular motifs. Leaves, vines, blossoms, stylized flowers and scrolling foliage lend themselves beautifully to the curved surfaces of pots, bowls and jars.

Geometric patterns are also common, particularly on borders and tiles. Repeating diamonds, stars, interlocking forms, dots, scrollwork and symmetrical patterns can create an almost textile-like effect.

Birds and animals appear frequently, as do folk-art figures and more elaborate pictorial scenes.

Religious and architectural uses have also been important throughout Talavera's history. Tiles became especially significant in Puebla, where glazed ceramics were incorporated into churches, houses and other buildings. UNESCO notes that the combination of Talavera tiles and brick known as petatillo became one of Puebla's distinctive architectural features.

There is therefore no single "Talavera pattern." Individual workshops traditionally developed recognizable identities of their own through differences in shape, ornament, color and glaze.

What Kinds of Talavera Pottery Are Made?

Almost anything that can reasonably be made from earthenware seems eventually to have received the Talavera treatment.

Traditional production includes tableware, large ornamental jars, basins, flowerpots, boxes, fruit bowls, candlesticks and architectural tiles.

For today's home and garden, you may encounter:

• Flowerpots and planters
• Urns and jardinières
• Vases
• Bowls and serving dishes
• Plates and platters
• Cups and mugs
• Pitchers
• Canisters and covered jars
• Spoon rests
• Soap dishes and bathroom accessories
• Candleholders
• Wall plaques
• Decorative animals
• Sinks and washbasins
• House numbers and signs
• Wall and stair tiles
• Tabletop accessories

Some are primarily decorative. Others are intended for everyday use.

That distinction becomes important when food is involved.

Talavera in the Garden

Talavera and plants make extraordinarily good companions.

A brilliantly decorated pot can provide color in a shady courtyard where flowering plants struggle. A large Talavera planter can become a focal point at the end of a garden walk. Smaller pots can enliven steps, walls, patios and outdoor tables.

They are especially attractive with plants whose foliage or flowers complement rather than compete with the decoration.

Succulents and agaves are obvious choices. So are herbs, pelargoniums, begonias, ferns and smaller citrus plants.

There is no need, however, to turn the garden into a ceramic showroom.

One or two particularly beautiful pieces are often more effective than twenty competing for attention.

A large Talavera pot against an old brick wall can be magnificent.

Bringing Talavera Indoors

The same pieces that enliven a terrace can bring color into the house.

A Talavera bowl filled with lemons or oranges makes an effortless kitchen centerpiece. A painted vase can hold garden flowers. Smaller bowls can collect keys, potpourri or other odds and ends.

A decorative pitcher filled with cut flowers can move easily from kitchen to dining room.

Talavera also mixes surprisingly well with older furnishings. Against dark wood, antique furniture, iron, linen and traditional interiors, its color prevents a room from becoming too solemn.

That contrast can be particularly effective in a garden room, conservatory, breakfast room or sunroom.

Is Talavera Suitable for Alfresco Dining?

Absolutely—with one important qualification.

Talavera is almost made for an outdoor table.

Colorful plates and bowls look wonderful against a plain linen cloth or rustic wooden tabletop. Serving bowls can hold salads, fruit or vegetables. Pitchers, platters and small dishes create a table that is informal without being ordinary.

Talavera also mixes well rather than demanding a perfectly matched service. A collection assembled gradually can be more interesting than twelve identical place settings.

For an autumn garden supper, imagine Talavera serving dishes among candles, woven baskets, linen napkins, pumpkins, late flowers and greenery from the garden.

But never assume that decorative Talavera pottery is food-safe merely because it resembles tableware.

Traditional ceramic glazes may contain lead, and improperly manufactured or fired pottery can allow lead to migrate into food. The FDA specifically advises consumers not to use pottery for cooking, serving or storing food when its safety cannot be established through a reliable manufacturer or appropriate testing. Pieces marked "Not for Food Use" should never be used for food. Always look for lead-free glazes.

For alfresco dining, therefore, buy pieces specifically represented by a reputable maker or seller as suitable for food contact.

Decorative pieces can still join the party. Let them hold flowers rather than potato salad.

Caring for Talavera Pottery

Talavera deserves somewhat gentler treatment than mass-produced stoneware.

For valuable, handmade or uncertain pieces, hand washing is the safest general rule. Use warm water, mild dish soap and a soft sponge or cloth. Avoid abrasive scouring powders and aggressive scrubbers that may scratch or dull the decorated glaze.

Don't subject earthenware to abrupt temperature changes. Taking a very cold piece and filling it with extremely hot liquid—or doing the reverse—can stress the pottery and glaze.

Antique Talavera should generally be treated as decorative rather than everyday tableware unless its suitability for food use has been professionally established.

Garden pieces require another precaution: freezing weather.

Earthenware can absorb moisture through unglazed areas, drainage holes, small cracks or weathered surfaces. If that moisture freezes, it expands. The result can be cracking, flaking or a pot that suddenly becomes several smaller pots.

Where hard freezes occur, valuable Talavera planters are best moved into a protected, frost-free location for winter. At minimum, don't leave water standing in them.

Even in milder climates, raising outdoor pots slightly above the ground helps drainage.

A Pottery Meant to Be Enjoyed

There are objects we buy because they are useful, and others because they are beautiful. Talavera has survived for centuries partly because it can be both.

A flowerpot holds a plant—but there is no particular reason it must be dull.

A serving bowl holds supper—but supper can be beautiful too.

That philosophy seems particularly suited to garden living. The garden itself is an exercise in making ordinary necessities beautiful: a path becomes a vista, a wall becomes a home for climbing roses, and a collection of plants becomes a place in which people want to linger.

Talavera does much the same thing with clay.

Set a painted pot among the herbs. Fill a Talavera bowl with fruit from the market. Put flowers in a colorful pitcher and carry supper outside while the evening is pleasant.

Useful things have been made beautiful for thousands of years.

There is no good reason to stop now.

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Autumn in the Garden: The Pleasures of Dining Alfresco

There is a brief and lovely season when the garden seems made for dining.

Summer has surrendered its oppressive heat. The sun falls at a gentler angle. Evenings arrive earlier, but not yet with winter's haste. The garden that was almost too hot to enjoy in July becomes inviting again, and supper outdoors seems not merely possible but positively necessary.

Autumn is the season for dining alfresco.

A Table Beneath the Open Sky

There is no need for an elaborate outdoor kitchen or a professionally designed entertaining space. Some of the most memorable garden meals require little more than a sound table, comfortable chairs, good food, and agreeable company.

Set the table beneath an old tree, on the terrace, beside the herb garden, or wherever the evening light is particularly beautiful.

Autumn itself will provide much of the decoration.

A bowl of apples or pears makes a perfectly respectable centerpiece. So does a collection of small pumpkins, gourds, pinecones, or branches clipped from the garden. Chrysanthemums, asters, goldenrod, ornamental grasses, and late roses can furnish flowers without making the table look as though it has been prepared for a wedding reception.

Keep things simple. The garden has already done most of the decorating.

The Particular Pleasure of an Autumn Evening

Outdoor dining in summer often becomes a contest between man and climate. There are mosquitoes to repel, glasses to keep filled with ice, and the uncomfortable realization that everyone present is quietly perspiring.

Autumn is more civilized.

As the evening cools, one can linger over supper rather than retreating gratefully into air conditioning. Conversation stretches a little longer. Candles become more noticeable as daylight fades. The scent of wood smoke from somewhere beyond the garden may drift through the air.

And food somehow tastes better outdoors.

Perhaps it is appetite sharpened by cooler weather. Perhaps it is simply that eating beneath the sky awakens some old instinct in us. Bread passed across an outdoor table, soup served from a heavy pot, roasted vegetables, cheese, apples, and a warm dessert seem especially appropriate when leaves are beginning to fall.

Bring the Harvest to the Table

Autumn meals naturally lend themselves to the garden.

Fresh herbs can still be clipped moments before supper. Late tomatoes may linger in warm climates. Greens return as temperatures moderate. Squash, sweet potatoes, apples, pears, figs, pecans, and other seasonal produce offer the sort of substantial flavors that seem right when evenings grow cool.

A garden supper need not be complicated.

A pot of soup with good bread can be enough. So can roast chicken with root vegetables, a savory tart, or a platter assembled from cheeses, fruit, nuts, bread, and preserves.

The object is not to spend the entire afternoon in the kitchen while everyone else enjoys the garden.

Candlelight Changes Everything

Few things improve an autumn table as easily as candlelight.

Lanterns can mark a garden path or illuminate the edges of a terrace. Candles in glass holders protect the flame from a wandering breeze. A few placed down the center of the table create warmth without overwhelming the natural setting.

Outdoor lighting should generally reveal the garden rather than conquer it. A garden illuminated like a football stadium loses much of its mystery.

Allow a few corners to remain dark.

There is considerable charm in watching the last daylight disappear from the tops of the trees while the table gradually becomes an island of warm light.

Bring Out the Blankets

Eventually someone will say, "It's getting a little chilly."

That is not necessarily the signal to go indoors.

Keep several throws or light blankets nearby. Draped over the backs of chairs or folded in a basket, they are both useful and attractive. A warm sweater, a blanket over one's knees, and another cup of coffee can extend an evening considerably.

In colder regions, an outdoor fireplace or fire pit can become the natural gathering place after supper. Where autumn remains mild, as it often does in the South, candlelight and a light wrap may be all that is required.

Use What You Already Have

There is no rule declaring that outdoor dining requires special outdoor dishes.

Old china, ironstone, stoneware, wooden boards, baskets, linen napkins, and ordinary drinking glasses often look more at home in a garden than coordinated sets of plastic dinnerware.

A well-used wooden serving board piled with bread and cheese has considerably more character than something purchased merely because the package says "outdoor entertaining."

Baskets are useful for carrying bread, napkins, fruit, or utensils from the kitchen. Trays make the return journey easier. Earthenware pitchers can hold flowers as readily as drinks.

The best garden table looks as though it belongs to the household rather than having arrived yesterday from a showroom.

Supper Among the Plants

Part of the pleasure of dining outdoors is noticing the garden differently.

We usually encounter our gardens while working in them. There is always something to prune, weed, water, divide, transplant, or otherwise improve.

Sitting down changes the view.

From the dinner table you may notice the ornamental grass glowing in the setting sun, the fragrance of a late-blooming shrub, birds making their final rounds before dusk, or leaves beginning to turn at the top of a tree.

For once, nothing needs doing.

That may be one of the greatest luxuries a garden can provide.

Don't Wait for a Special Occasion

Perhaps the greatest mistake with outdoor dining is saving it for company.

Certainly, a garden supper with family and friends can be wonderful. But Tuesday evening is an occasion, too.

Carry an ordinary supper outside. Take morning coffee to the garden. Have lunch beneath a tree. Put a small table and two chairs somewhere pleasant and actually use them.

Gardens are not merely landscapes to be maintained or admired through windows. They are places in which to live.

And autumn, with its mellow light, cool evenings, changing leaves, and sense of the year drawing inward, reminds us that these pleasures are temporary.

Soon enough the table will be empty, the chairs damp with winter rain, and the garden resting beneath bare branches.

So while the evenings are golden and the air is cool, set the table outside.

Light the candles. Bring out the good plates. Pour something worth lingering over.

And stay until the stars come out.

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